The Life of Pi by Yann Martel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life of Pi by Yann Martel - Essay ExampleThis leads to the knowledgeableness of an some other version of the same story this time, however, instead of animals on the raft there are people, Taiwanese sailor, his mother, the cook and the blind French man. The characters in the new story resembles to the animals in the life sauceboat of the fender story. And after two hundred and twenty-seven days adrift Pi is the only survivor. Somehow this s story told with hardly any details and seems more believable. By telling two different stories, reservoir wants to highlight the single most important concept and raised the question. Which story is better - the story with animals or the story without animals This faith revolves around the entire novel and serves as its conclusion.The center meaning of the book is to extend about mans relationship to animals. Pi is cast adrift in a lifeboat with a zebra, a hyena, an orangutan, and a huge Bengal tiger named Richard Parker. Eventually, j ust the tiger and he are left in the boat, tale of 227 days at sea. The boat is well stocked for a human. Pi only hope for survival is to note the tiger content and subservient to him. Pi lives in constant terror of Richard Parker, but manages to keep him supplied with fish, turtles, and zippy water so that he doesnt turn on him. Pi limited Richard Parker territory to the floor of the boat .In real life Richard Parker resembles dangerous people .A boundary should always be drawn and restricts them from crossing their limits or invading our territoryPi becomes increasingly convinced that his fate and the tigers are inextricably linked and progresses to an spooky truce between adversaries. Ultimately over the months they are together, he develops an ever-deepening relationship with the animal. But Richard Parker is a whacky animal. He neer forms an emotional attachment with Pi. Near the end of the novel, Richard Parker disappears into the forest without a trace and never returns. Not a single time he looked back. He unceremoniously concludes the relationship and left Pi with tears and a heavy heart. For Pi, caring for the tiger becomes his darkest moments in life. Like Dangerous people Richard Parker and other animals in the novel are never colored with sentimentality .They are revolving around our lives for their own attempt and benefit. And they will never hesitate to leave us.3. Explain why the author chose a tiger as the main animal protagonist instead of an elephant or rhinoceros Martel portrayed Richard Parker to be anything more than a dangerous Bengal tiger and Pi never to be more than a desperate boy confounded at sea. His main aim was to show a 16-year old Indian boy, Pi relationship with a dangerously wild animal and survival through the use of his wits and sheer determination for 227 days at sea. So he chooses Richard Parker main animal protagonist unlike elephant or rhinoceros. A tiger symbolizes a carnivorous, wild and unsentimental animal. As the law of nature eventually rules in the lifeboat and Pi ends up as the tigers last remaining occupant who lives in constant terror , but manages to keep of Richard Parker supplied with fish,

Tourism and the Economy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tourism and the Economy - Research Paper ExampleWhat are the strategies in-chief(postnominal) for the maturement of touristry effort? What are the factors that may influence the harvest-time touristry industry? writings review Economic importance of tourism industry According to UNWTO (1) In 2011, international tourism gain exceeded US$ 1 trillion for the first time, up from US$ 928 billion in 2010. Tourism industry as a growing service sector is diversified and includes hotels, airlines and other transportation, resorts, parks, shopping malls, motels and entertainment venues. It could be observed from the World Tourism Barometer furnished by UNWTO (2), that the harvest-festival of tourism industry in BRIC countries has been phenomenal during the year 2011 with Brazil at 29.5% (Rank from 18 to 12), Russia at 22.1% (9 to 7), India at 32.9% (24 to 22) and China at 32.2% (no change) with US and Euro order though positive with less than 10% growth. Growth of tourism is largely linked to recent scotch growth in these economies. For some small countries like Singapore, Dubai and Fiji, tourism industry is the major(ip) source of unknown exchange. Tourism sector plays an important role in employment generation. UNWTO (3) stated Participants at a major United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD XIII) have underscored the role of tourism as a vital service sector, contributing to GDP and employment in developed and developing countries alike. Stability and growth in earnings in this sector would lend flexibility in management of balance of payments model of a country, if the potential of this industry is recognized and necessary initiatives taken by the government for its growth. Development of tourism industry The growth in international trade and businesses due to globalization is closely linked to the development of tourism industry. The tourism industries of emerging economies like China and India have been benefited greatly by industrial developments. However, trade in respect of individual companies in the industry should be backed up with effective preparedness and establishment of standards and communication facilities for sustainable future growth. The standards adopted in the industry and the categorization of customers or function offered underwent significant changes over time. Sharpley and Telfer (2008, p. 27) stated Approaches to tourism development, then, have evolved over time from traditional, modernist economic growth models through to sustainable approaches that attempt to balance tourism as a profit-driven, resource-hungry activity with the developmental take of destination environments and communities. Diversity in workplace is very important for meeting the demands of the customers with different cultural and societal backgrounds. The unique feature of this industry is that the languages spoken and customs, habits and behaviors of the customers vary significantly. Also, the types of services o ffered are multifarious from catering and trapping to recreation, health, sports, travelling and event management. Therefore, role of HRD in recruitment, placement and training is very important. Retaining and attracting talents to businesses is a challenge to the industry. The tourism industry has successfully weathered the European financial crisis. Economic growth in the developing countries is pass judgment to help industrys growth. Convergence of technology and emergence of social networks have acted as a catalyst for the business growth

Do you agree that Realism has got the big things right' Essay

Do you agree that Realism has got the great(p) things right - Essay spokespersonThis essay argues that realism has helped in setting the big things right within the multinational arena.Realism is a school of thought that derives the opinion of things as they are, regardless on the way populate may wish them to be, with a tendency to be practical and more pragmatic. This idea juxtaposes with the idea of idealism which refers to the theoryion of things as they should be and the way people would want them to be. In the international relations theory, there has evolved a big controversy on which concept best describes how nations relate and how conflict among international states roll in the hay be resolved. The concept of classical political realism evolved in the early 431 BC during war between Sparta and Athens (Monten, 2006). When Thucydides witnessed this war, he made a historical analysis of the war defying the popular belief of Gods during this period. He argued that war c an be analysed by considering the facts of the war, hence defying the idealistic approach that the people used at this time. In this period, people had an idealistic mentality and they believed in gods and that everything happened as it should be. Thucydides pointed out that history should be analysed from an objective perspective bursting charge in mind that nations are monarchs that are always seeking for economic and political power. He give tongue to that it was only practical that the strong nations should always rule the weaker nations.Political realism has three important tenets that book within the international relations theory. First, realism describes the concept of statism and describes states as the major role players in international politics. Unlike the liberalism theories that consider the role of non-states sectors within the international politics, realism theory is state-centric. Another important concept of realism is that international politics is a tag of wa r as anarchic states

Company Policy - Recruiting and Selecting Coursework

Company Policy - Recruiting and Selecting - Coursework ExampleNo single firm can ensue without having laid down policies that govern its day to day operations. For that reason, ASDA also has its laid down rules, principles, guidelines or directions that must be adhered to while selecting and recruiting employees. These rules and guidelines enable the firm to receive highly qualified and skilled employees. In summing up to that, the selected employees are best suited for the job to figure the over solely development and progress of the firm. In ensuring that all employees as well as potential ones understand its policies, ASDA has printed leaflets and availed them in all its outlets. Furthermore, the selection and recruitment policy is available online in the companys website for public viewing. The policy has clarified the entire process twisty in the selection and recruitment of new employees. It states that individuals wishing to work in ASDA should fill in employment forms available online or visit nearest ADSA stores, and fill application forms. Thereafter, shortlisted individuals are called for interviews and their reputation and working competencies scrutinized. equal individuals are selected and further taken to psychology tests where their IQ is tested. People with high IQ and pleasant personality are selected and given positions that makes use of their brilliance. ADSA also has clear procedures that allow recruitment of old people healed fifty years and above. The old people are viewed to have experience which is beneficial to the supermarket. These policies are super vital in ensuring the growth and progress of the company. It stresses on employment of qualified people who work to check into that the supermarket achieves its goals and objectives. It serves the supermarkets purpose in providing quality service to the people. Employing old people promotes the societys goal to respect and take care of the elderly people. It gives them a cha nce to take part in state of matter building. The policy is updated every now and then to ensure that it reflects the current changes in the market demands. The regular updates ensure that the supermarket employs qualified individuals who are focused and dedicated in advancing its goals. The recruitment and selection policy is trustworthy and known by all stakeholders in the business. The society, customers, employees and customers makes up the stakeholders in ADSA. Every group has a role to play in the business thus, wide knowledge of the supermarkets policy go forth ensure that they realize their roles in the best manner possible. For instance, employees will understand what is expected of them, how to conduct their duties as well as the procedures involved in securing promotions. The customers, on the other hand, will understand best how they should be treated by the supermarkets employees. Furthermore, having knowledge of the recruitment and selection policy will make them a ppreciate the supermarkets employees. They will view them as qualified individuals who have their interests at heart. The policy plays important roles in ensuring steady growth and advancement of ASDA supermarket. Employing of qualified individuals after a rigorous interview process makes the chain of supermarket to meet the demands of the public, customers and the society. The mental tests conducted to employ the managerial staff also promote the company

Counseling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Counseling - Essay ExampleThis is because the process of being unforgiving includes otherwise aspects of wellness which is not an individual event al champion but also concerns the family and social relationship. When one member of the family is ill, it is normal for the other members to be likewise affected more(prenominal) so, when the illness entails long boundary care. Thus, becoming ill and recover from it is a challenge. Being regurgitate may lead to many unseemly reactions which may further contribute to the process of the illness and recovery. It creates a change in the environment of the tolerant affecting her behavior. How the tolerant behaves during the duration of illness is a strong contributory factor in move with the illness. With this situation, counseling the patient is deemed empirical. However, before counseling commence, case analysis of the patient should be carried out. Analysis of the patients experience of illness includes examining the progress of the illness and the process of recovery identifying the patients receive psychosocial characteristics that may influence the illness and recovery while intervention suggests psychosocial counseling with the application of behavioral cognitive theory (CBT).The Nature of the CaseMelinda is a married 50 year old female with sextet children who is sick of cervical cancer. She claims she did not have any hospitalization for several months prior to her illness. This is her first consultation with her physician. According to her, she is not supposed to have her consultation if not for a fall from the staircase of their kinsperson causing her some bruised at her back and arms. However, the bruises according to her doctors are just but minor health problems as compared to the result indicated in her health history taken from her. Her health history reveals that she is showing warning signs and symptoms of cervical cancer. Accordingly, she had been having vaginal bleedings for several month s after her menopausal period. However, she never had any consultations nor alarmed because she believes her menstrual musical rhythm had resumed. In May of 2010, she was diagnosed of first stage cervical cancer. Like any individual who is diagnosed with such illness, she was floor to hear the result of her laboratory examination as revealed by her physician and is immediately under a circumstance where she had no prior experience (Clarke, et al. 2005) thus, her reaction to the information is devastating. Shock is followed with denial as obvious in her statement, I never had any health problems in the past. Why would I be sick of such disease? Melinda had married three successions one after the other and had been sexually active. From the time of her diagnosis, she lost her appetite, has not been sleeping well and been irritable. She also does not want to sleep with her husband anymore. She defends she is more comfortable to sleep alone in a room. This made a gap in their relati onship. closely often, Melinda does not respond when her husband tries to communicate with her. Observation also reveals that she rejects foods and drinks offered by her children. However, her family is regarded to be caring and tested their best to adjust to the behavior change of Melinda. Melinda does not also like to see neighbors and even friends as she shuns away from them whenever they pay visit. When ask if other members of the family had been stricken or have died of the same illness in the past, she answered, Does it matter that shows that she is not interested to know her family health history. Her mother died of breast cancer many age ago and a distant relative recently passed away with lung cancer. Now, she is under the care of an oncologist and several other

Whatever you see fits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

whatsoever you see fits - Essay ExampleThe logical implication of the Electoral College is imminent in the elections but it is control by the power of the voter.The popular vote on the other return does not affect the outcome of the presidential elections whatsoever. A presidential candidate may gunner the highest popular vote but trail in the electoral votes this means they do not have success in the whole election plow (Sabato, 34). The popular vote may only be used to examine if or not the coupled States citizens feel content with the outcome of a particular election. According to Chang the popular vote only has significance in the states where it determines the direction of the electoral votes (122).The Romney Ryan rill will remain as one of the most strategical and expensive conjure the republicans have ever conducted. This particular campaign clinched the obvious republican states satisfactorily. The campaign failed when it came to the voting in the swing states. Ever p residential candidate has the ability of clinching all the electoral votes in the swing states if they use the correct strategy. In the Romney Ryan campaign the difference was made by the opinion of the republicans on social policies like gay marriages, abortion and issue regarding to women. The democrats won the peoples votes by being sensitive on these issues. If the Romney Ryan campaign was sensitive to these issues, the victory would be theirs for the taking.The Obama Biden campaign on the other hand won because it focused more on populous regions across the nation. Additionally, the campaign focused on significant the needs of the minority. The campaign was sensitive to the Hispanics, women and gay couples. This played a major role in ensuring the campaign clinched the majority of the votes in the swing states. With the obvious democrats states already in the bag, this move ensured the democrats remained superior in addition in the swing states.

Smart baby socks Buisness plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smart sister bonks Buisness plan - Essay ExampleThe Apptrust monitor does not receive interferences from home alarms, cell phones or both other electronics. The childs data is then pushed to the cloud from which some(prenominal) internet connected subterfuge coffin nail memory access the information. If one does not own a smart phone, he or she can plug-in a USB tune to monitor information from a desktop computer or laptop, and if ones residence is connected to Wi-Fi then, any device that is an internet connected will receive the childs health data. The sock is powered by a reversible bombardment with the power lasting for deuce full days without recharging, unless if one excessively checks real time vitals. When the battery runs low a notification is sent to the Smartphone or any other Wi-Fi connected device, and one can recharge using a micro USB charger. Currently, users can access the iPhone app and the Android version. Safety is key the sock is hypoallergenic. It is wi reless and does not use any adhesives. The sock electronics are contained in a water-resistant and medical-grade silicone cases to protect ones child from electrical contact.Moms peace of mind, when a child is brought home from the hospital, it marks the beginning of a new era of parenting, one filled with strong love and connection to your new child, this marks the discernment parents stress and worry about their childs health. The use of Apptrust sock helps relieve the stress through regular and real-time checking of the childs vital body processes. Such knowledge helps parents to overcome the worry about their childs well-being as any sudden changes can be instantly.Aims at helping parents have better night residuals a reading by Medical news today found out that parents lose an average of six months sleep during the initial 24 months after the child has been born. The study estimates that approximately 10% of parents manage to have two and a half hours of continuous sleep eac h night. The research also indicates that more than 60% of parents with children healed less than

Legal Process Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Legal Process Paper - Essay Example06(b)3 of the statute, the notice must include the date, redact and the circumstances of the asseverate unlawful employment practice so that the employer whitethorn be apprised of the nature of the charges against it. However, the notice of the charging party need not be included. If the EEOC totally fails to notify an employer of the charges, the approachs, as the District Court did in EEOC v. St. Annes Hospital of Chicago, Inc.,have ruled that the EEOC could not bring a adapt on that charge. The Supreme Court in Shell Oil Co. v. EEOC held that notice was adequate, even while not technically perfect. The legislative history of claim VII is clear that untimely notice by the EEOC should not be an absolute bar to court action by the aggrieved party.Also under Section 706(b), the EEOC is required to investigate the charge of discrimination to fix if reasonable cause exists to believe that the charge is true. If no reasonable cause exists, the EE OC shall dismiss the charge and rapidly notify the charging and charged party of the dismissal. If reasonable cause exists, the EEOC shall endeavor to eliminate any such alleged unlawful employment practices by informal methods of conference, conciliation and persuasion. If those efforts fail, the EEOC may bring a civil suit against the employer in federal court under Section 706(f). If the EEOC does not bring suit within one hundred eighty old age of the filing of the charge either by choice or because it dismissed the charge, the charging party may request notification, commonly referred to as a right to accomplish earn. Upon receipt of that letter, the charging party has 90 days to sue.Thus, a charging party may not sue until she received a notice of dismissal by the EEOC or a right to sue letter. The charging party may demand a right to sue letter, even before the EEOC has made its reasonable cause determination, so long as the demand for the letter is 180 days after the EEOC charge is filed. However, the right to sue letter can be

US and Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

US and Vietnam War - Essay ExampleThe final contingent of the U.S. commitment departed Vietnam 60 days after(prenominal) the signing, but the level of violence between Vietnamese adversaries did not significantly decline no peaceableness came to Vietnam. In the coupled States, Watergate was changing from amber to red, and as his presidency unraveled in 1973, President Richard Nixons secret commitments to southeastern Vietnams President Nguyen Van Thieu were rendered meaningless. Less than two years later, faced with funding a $722 million reckon supplement, the U.S. Congress showed little interest in providing military equipment or financial support to Americas longtime ally, reciprocal ohm Vietnam. On April 30, 1975, South Vietnam ceased to exist.For most Americans, the last images of the war were of the dazed U.S. Ambassador Graham Martin carrying a folded American flag under his arm during the final reasoning by elimination from the U.S. Embassy or perhaps the chaos surroun ding the evacuation of U.S. personnel and Vietnamese families from the Embassy rooftop.No one seemed interested in such critical questions as the personality of the war, why the get together States chose to fight the way it did, how North Vietnam had prevailed, the relationship of political objectives to military strategy, or the lessons that could be derived from the public diplomacy and secret negotiations that had characterized so much of the conflict. The dire situation would change as scholars gained ingress to a series of significant declassifications of primary source documents located in archival depositories in the United States, Vietnam, China, and Russia, and as principal architects of policy-the so-called best and brightest-began to reflect and write on their roles during the period. In 1995, former defence force Secretary Robert S. McNamara broke his own long silence on the subject with the admission that we were ill-use, terribly wrong (McNamara & Van De Mark 1995 ). Another principal architect of Vietnam policy, political scientist Henry Kissinger, has generated several books that address why the United States fought in Vietnam (Kissinger 1999). We approach our topic chronologically by examining 30 years of war from 1945 to 1975-beginning with the past Vietnamese proclamation of independence and ending with the fall of South Vietnam in April 1975. We arrive at identified what we count are important components of this unfolding saga, and we begin from the intellectual premise that truly understanding why the United States fought in Vietnam requires that we comprehend the roots of the conflict (before it became Americas war in Vietnam) from the perspective of countries other than the United States- specifically, Vietnam, China, and the Soviet Union. After all, it was the United States that chose to fight in Vietnams war (Young 1991).ResearchThe disciplines of history and political science have illuminated many important aspects of the war, including presidential personality and leadership, war powers, public opinion, the role of the media, advisory processes and interactions, political dissent, and congressional-executive relations. Political science has also contributed significant theoretical advances on

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Interview Paper - Essay ExampleIt is native that the interview would assist in understanding execrable evaluator systems and its discretion.I interviewed Joseph S. Campbell, athletic supporter director of criminal investigations division at FBI head offices in Washington, DC. James Comey, the director of FBI, appointed Campbell to act as assistant director of criminal investigation division on May 15, 2014. Mr. Campbell currently works at the division and ensures all criminal investigations cases remains duly addressed within the unit.Joseph S. Campbell have worked within criminal justice system since august 1990. Campbell started his career at the FBI as a special field agent. As an FBIs special agent, Campbell reported to Chicago field office and conducted investigations relating to public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and drug issues. Campbell has worked within the criminal justice system as an FBI staff for approximately 24 years (FBI, 2014).Mr. Campbell has various certificate of indebtedness as assistant director of FBIs CID, a division with approximately 4,800 special field agents, 520 headquarter employees, and ccc intelligence analysts. Campbell oversees most of the divisions activities including conducting training programs for CID agents and managing various pertinent crises within the system. He ensures that the division remains relevant to mitigation of national security threats before they occur. In addition, to coordinating CIDs objectives and employee compliance, Campbell ensures elaborate and efficient focussing of investigative programs including public corruption, drug-related crime, and financial crime. He ensures that the entire CID system remains efficiently coordinated in conducting comprehensive investigation cases relating to violent crime or organized crime. In addition, Campbell provides directives for the aforementioned investigative programs and other(a)

International Terrorism and terrorist organizations Essay

supranational act of terrorism and dreadist organizations - Essay ExampleThese acts driven by the ideas of a group causes terror in the lives of a larger set of people and is commonly termed as terrorist act. This essay would concentrate on various perceptions regarding terrorism that covers international terrorism, the structure and organization of terrorist groups, their views in the support of their actions, historical events that possibly led to revolutions which in plait gave rise to terrorism. A list of possible actions that can be taken to combat against terrorism is presented at the end.Defining the term terrorism would be a relatively tougher task. Not because of the political and emotional charges that the denomination carries but because of the flexibility in which the raillery could be (Hans, 1988). This had been defined by many organizations and institutions and individuals. The US armys ruminate in 1988 counted that about 109 definitions of terrorism existed (Sc hmidt, 1988). In these definitions almost 22 distinguishable elemental definitions were found. A theatre in 1999 by terrorism expert Mr. Walter Lacquer also concluded that more than a nose candy definitions of this word existed and focused on a point that the only general characteristic common to alone the definitions about terrorism was that terrorism is closely associated to violence or threat of violence (Hans, 1988). Terrorism is different from criminal activities done for various purposes and it is important that this difference be brought out while defining terrorism. many an(prenominal) regions, countries have taken this issue into consideration while defining the word terrorism. Now let us brood over some important definitions of terrorism. The word terrorism happens to have its first appearance in The Times on 30th January 1795 (Hans, 1988). It was put in an excerpt to signify the changes taking place during locomote of revolutionary government in France. One of the e arly definitions of terrorism was given by Maximilian Robespierre in 1794 which says that terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible and it is not a unique principle (Schmidt, 1988). He regarded this as the gist of democracy. The word terrorism got its place in English dictionary in the year 1798 and had a inwardness Systematic use of terror as policy. so far it is interesting to see that the usage of the word terrorism and its meaning are quite controversial (Hans, 1988). The definitions used at found in the new-made days are biased in a sense that they do not clearly avouch the dividing line between groups who use the violence to achieve political goals that include government and other terrorist groups. Terrorism is labeled with tags that denote lack of legitimacy and morality. Let us first look at how the united Nations defines the word terrorism. United Nations does not accept any predefined definition of this word however, the UN academic consensus definition by Alex Schmidt is widely used by socialists and it is as follows Terrorism is an anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby - in contrast to character assassination - the direct targets of violence are not the main targets.(Schmidt, 1988) Its short definition is the peacetime equivalent of war crime. However on 17th March 2005 the UN described that

Computer Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Computer Science - Essay exampleThis original movement raised out of the hard work of a multiplicity of people who contract with software applied science process in the 1990s, found them deficient, and looked for an innovative procedure to software study (Abrahamsson et al., 2002). The absolute majority of the ideas were not bright undoubtedly a lot of people thought that a great chaw of successful software had been constructed that technique for an extended time. There was, though, an observation that these thoughts had been muffled and not been pleasured perilously adequate, principally by people paying attention in software development (Ambler et al., 2007). Agile software engineering methodologies are additional humanistic and collaborative practice to software engineering it is also acknowledged as agilism, which supports individuals and associations over actions and tools, implementation software over broad documentation, client relationship in overload of cartel negotia tion, and reacting to transform over following a plan (Ambler et al., 2007). Primarily, all bustling techniques support frequent rearrangement of development objectives with the requirements and vision of the client. The evolutionary development of agile software engineering technique holds constant client quislingism to support the manufacture of a progressively developing product (Abrahamsson et al., 2002). This research is going to elaborate the agile software engineering methodologies. Here I will also investigate its basic difference from the traditionalistic software engineering. Here my basic aim is to investigate the features those make this paradigm a vital take on for the contemporary software engineering.Agile software engineering and Software Development is one response to the mend situation of the information technology region. A number of software project managers and developers acknowledged their agile procedures in corresponding. A significant date for the agile society was in

Packaging Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

advancement Design - Essay ExampleProtection from foreign particles entry the products ar protected from entry of oxygen, dust, bacterial, viruses, water, chemicals and opposite harmful agents that may destroy or degrade the working parts.Agglomeration through forwarding, sm each(prenominal) objects be sorted together to form one package. Packaging eases the process of transport, warehousing and distribution. Products like liquids, powders, air and chemicals are substantially handled when packaged.There are many types of packaging materials that are commonly used. These materials differ from product to product and are also affected by the mode of transportation, costs, warehousing, customers demands and many other factors. In the recent past, great concerns obligate been put forward by the environmentalist regarding the pollution by packaging materials. Most packaging materials are discarded once the product reaches the customer. This has significant effects on the throw away and pollution especially if the packaging material is made of plastic or glass or any other non degradable material. This has resulted to the introduction of reusable packaging materials, materials reuse and use of biodegradable plastics. Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. ... Consequently, symbols of quality, recycling symbol, the green dot symbol have all be introduced on the packaging materials. This papers studies packaging materials for lighting applications, their effects to the environments and also studies which of the materials are recyclable and environmentally friendly as well as the current techniques used to improve packaging to prevent dumping and accumulation of these materials in landfills. Types of lighting application There are many types of lighting applications these include candent myelins Fluorescent lights Compact fluorescent lights (CFL)Metal halide light bulbs Light emitting diodes (LED)Special lights (infra-red lights and X ray lights )Lighting accessories much(prenominal) as sockets, switches and lamp bases There are various packaging materials for these different lighting. Incandescent bulb The incandescent bulb has several packaging materials. These materials include the glass bulb, that houses the internal parts of the bulb that is, the filament, the metallic base that help in the connecting the bulb to the electrical supply. The outside packaging of the bulb includes a cartonful that carries the bulb. The outer carton varies from one manufacturer to another some types of packaging are illustrated below.Single bulb color blow packing that is used to house one bulb Figure 1 Carton for packaging a single bulb and double pack bulb packaging (source QML. 2009. Incandescent bulb. http//www.alibaba.com/product-gs/200800532/Incandescent_Bulb.html)After packaging the bulb in individual small cartons, the bulbs are then packaged into a large c arton for transportation. considerable carton where incandescent bulbs are packaged Figure 2 large Carton for packaging

Destructive Leadership in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Destructive Leadership in Organisations - Essay ExampleThe knowledge base is therefore con lieured as extremely important and can be highly effective in the field of interrogation pertaining to leadership in organizations. Moreover, this study result have the ability to show the relationship among employee satisfaction and leadership styles. Hence, the study also has high value in the field of business look. On the basis of the objective of the study, the following be the search questions which bequeath be answered by adopting suitable methodologies. The research questions are as follows - Q1. How leadership styles are important in deciding the success of an organization? Q2. How caustic leadership abuses the employees emotionally? Q3. How destructive leadership harasses the employees of an organization? Q4. How destructive leadership affects the performance of the employees? Literature reassessment This section of the study will carry expose a review of the literatures to be used for the study. It will jumper cablely highlight the views or the theories proposed by the scholars previously. In this context, the literature review will be carried out with the suspensor of books, ledger articles, newspaper, magazines and authentic electronic sources. However, the main focus will be on the academician journal articles. There are only few research papers which has emphasized on the darker side of leadership or the ill effects of destructive leadership (Tepper, 2000). On the other hand, more research can be found about effective or constructive leadership (Kelloway, Mullen and Francis, 2006). According to Ashforth (1994), traditionally, research pertaining to leadership principally focused on how effective leadership help organizations to grow or what are the elements of a good leadership. Moreover,... This essay carries out a review of the literatures to be used for the study. It will mainly highlight the views or the theories proposed by the scholars previously. In this context, the literature review will be carried out with the help of books, journal articles, newspaper, magazines and authentic electronic sources. However, the main focus will be on the academic journal articles. The methodology to be adopted for a study plays a crucial role in successfully carrying out a project. The research methodology of a project is also important because it is responsible for creating the nerve pathway of the research. This section will shed light on the research approach, and the data collection method. In extension to this, the research methodology section will also shed light on the respondents and sample size. The principal objective of the study is to uncover the impact of destructive leadership in an organization. The study also has virtually sub questions that tries to establish direct relationship with some elements of employee satisfaction. In order to complete the project successfully, it is innate to consider the philosophic al context of the research. The study will be designed in such a way that none of the participant gets physically or emotionally hurt. The respondents can leave the study any moment without giving prior notice. The study will seek consent from the concerned authority and the participants will be also made aware about the purpose of the study.

What Was The Dominant Theological Issues At Stake In The Resolution Of Essay

What Was The Dominant Theological Issues At Stake In The law of closure Of Nicene Crede - Essay ExampleIt was not a new concept that was brought in by the Nicene Crede it was an agreement between the east and the west on the basis of Christian holiness. In AD 325, the counterbalance Ecumenical Council adopted the Nicene Crede. This listed out the basic tenets that would make the Nicene Crede as accepted by the Ecumenical church. Ecumenical was a world wide general council that adopted the standard practices that the church should come through and this applied to just the churches everyw here in the world. Therefore, Nicene faith can be looked at as the set of rules that were adopted by the entire world for the church. The Nicene doctrine went through changes in the Constantinople Council in 381 AD (Collins, Ken., 2006). The canons went through alterations and included the terms and the son in the decrees in adjunct to the holy spirit. This council firmed the Nicene Creed an d indicated that no more creeds will be recognised by the Ecumenical council.Whereas Nicene Creed was about matchless and the lone(prenominal) consecrated Spirit and his one and only son, there were other theologies that came out in the subsequent creeds like Chalcedonian, Apostle and others. Nicene Creed has been accepted by a number of Eastern Orthodox and roman type Catholic Churches. Some of the Protestant churches ar also subscribers to these thoughts. Nicene Creed puts the entire Christian theology as accepted by the Ecumenical council into a summary or doctrine. History is resplendent with the changes that were brought into the creed at different points of time. The changes that were introduced in the creed were brought in by the western thinking Roman Catholics generally and many changes in these were subsequently accepted. Nicene Creed was later etched on stone and coat to be made the basic faith on which Christianity laid its stress on.In short, Nicene Creed theolo gy espouses the cause of one universal God and his Son, who was born as the saviour of the world and the pitying beings here. He was the one who came in the body of the human being and He was the one who was resurrected on the one-third day after He was crucified by Pontius Pilate. He will come back again on the judgement day to judge the dead and the living. Every true Christian would believe in the Holy Spirit and would worship the Father and the Son. There is only one Single Church and one Baptism that would forgive all the sins (Creeds, 1997). They would also believe in the resurrection of the dead and that the life of the world to come. ThesisNicene Creed theology states that there is only one God, the Father. It also believes in the making of the earth and all the things that are visible and invisible by him. The later filioque addition to the theology is in the form of the son in addition to the Father. This meant that the Son was a part of the entire process from the very beginning even before the startle of the creation. The creed was created to adjudge the faith of the individual and had to insist on the existence of one church for all Catholic and Apostle. The Nicene Creed could therefore, be said in a short summary, that there is only one God, the Father and his Son, and he created the universe and the Son came in the body of the human being to pull through the people off their sins. It also said that they are to be worshipped and glorified and that there is only one church for Catholic and Apostolic communions. It also said that there will be a judgement day when the world, both the dead and the living will be judged and when every person who lived here

Family Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family Issues - hear ExampleMarriage is one of the most fundamental and indispensable social institutions present in gentleman society. This main purpose of an institution of marriage is to satisfy the sex needs of the individuals in a socio-cultural and heavy manner. When I think of getting married, my mind cares about my parents, because I want my wife to deal with my parents as I deal with them or better. My parents are very important to me for many reasons. For instance, my mother carried me for nine months in her womb. Secondly, my father cared about me and paid for everyaffair I needed. As such, when I think of getting married, the first thing I leave worry about is my parents. I will live in my parents house. Therefore, I will do my best to get wind the wife who is going to respect and deal with them in an ideal way.The intimate intercourse is one of the most important factors in familys life. Undeniably, no family can live without it. In absence of cozy satisfaction, th e couples will turn immoral. In some cases, it leads the wife or the husband to find another sexual partner. There are many positions some of which are pleasant, painful, and others tedious. I will as well try other suitable positions as advised by a private medical recreate when my wife is pregnant. Some are however specific to pregnant women and during menstruation. Others are specific for diseases, and stress positions for means patients and back pain. I believe having a new sexual experience and techniques will make the sexual intercourse more interesting, spiritual, and fun for both of us.

Marginalization and humiliations Essay Example for Free

Marginalization and disappointments EssayWhen a group of people are marginalied, they come together to thrill for their rights. If they are not recognized they turn to violent means to pass their message and besides endeavor at punishing their oppressors. This is exactly the situation in Palestine where suicide bombings has almost become the nine of the day as Palestinians advance their cause for the sake of their freedom. In his article titled Understanding Palestinian Terror, Dr. Eyad Sarraj (2002) explains why Palestinians squander become suicide bombers. He calls this an uprising against numerous injustices that have been committed against his community. He takes us through a history of injustices starting from the occupation of their territory by Israel. Eyad intends it is give away of direct despair with the authorities that the Palestinians have dark to the violence as a means of getting what they commit is rightfully theirs. He points bulge that the Palestini ans have over and over tried all the means rase making resolutions which have not been honored. (Barlow, H 2007)One such resolution is the so called Resolution 194 where Israel was mantic to allow them back to their home territory, but this did not happen. As a result the Palestinians have been refugees on the estate of the realm which they strongly believe belongs to them. (Saaraj, E 2002) The Palestinians believe they are fighting a noble cause, getting what belongs to them and also as a form of protest for the atrocities that have been meted on them, it is purely a freedom struggle. Their humiliation and marginalization has been motivation for their agitation for freedom.This type of oppression explains their anger against their perpetrators of this torture. They are precise bitter that their land was taken and given to foreigners making them stateless. He rhetorically asks whether anyone knows what it feels and means to be under the Israel occupation. It is a very humiliati ng experience where one ceases to be a human being. One is given a egress and every now and then he or she is subjected to a very dehumanizing search by the Israel forces. belong to any political organization calls for a sentence that is so harsh.Palestinians are enslaved in their bear unpolished making them yearn for revenge. Most of them are in a desperate situation and are ordain to go to any length to revenge and also cause birthing to their oppressers. When Hezbollah and Hams groups come trading for the recruits the have people who are already leaveing o take the chance to fulfilling their passion. . (Saaraj, E 2002) gibe to Dr. Eyad Sarraj, the key motivator for the Palestinians to suicide bombing is the urge to be free and also see their oppressors suffer as they have subjected them to the years of misery.They have suffered for long under Israel occupation where no one has been spared. Their imprisonment has bred so much hatred towards their enemy whom they believe d eserves death and destruction. Children has seen it all as their fathers are in public humiliated by the Israel forces, this only adds more anger to the minds of the young people who are the easy recruits to the movements and birth out most of the suicide bombings. (Saaraj, E 2002) Signing of the treaty by Arafat in Washington as Eyad puts it was meant to bring hope in this land, something that did not happen.He points out that all these humiliation and torture has turned Palestinians to apply the most unimagined ways to fight for their right. He adds that these people are not pathetic from any psychological disorders which can make them suicidal but rather draw their inspirations from their strong leave to be free and enjoy their freedom like anybody else. Through this they are able to avenge the occupation, liberation of freedom and oppression. They have gone through all this misery in their whole lives and they can not take it any more.They have lost hope that any peaceful and meaningful settlement will be reached any sooner and the quickly they drive their enemies to the wall the better. They are determined to pay any prize to see to it that those who have killed their families, tortured their people are destroyed and brought to the justice by their own definition. . (Saaraj, E 2002) Nationalism and loyalty Pape believes that ninety five percent of all the suicide attacks that have been carried out in the world are not religiously motivated rather there are other(a) reason behind them.Most of the attacks are to force the modern democracies, United States included to withdraw their forces from the territories they occupy. . (Pape, R 2005), One of these territories is the Arab world where the united states have occupied Iraq this has led to Al Qaeda to lead a series of attacks to force them to withdraw. Pape points out that this organization central mission is to draw all the westward forces from the expanse they claim to be Islam dominated. He argu es that the attacks which were carried out in Madrid and London were not driven by the Islamic fundamentalist hate on Western countries.Though the type of literature coming from the native Islamist group may suggest that the attacks were religiously motivated Pape tends to disagree quoting the research he has carried out on several suicide bombing over a long period of time. . (Pape, R 2005), Robert Pape has some evidence, he quoting a report released by the British Home Office . In this study, which was carried out in 2004 attitudes of the Muslim were the main area covered. It was found out that there were about two million Muslim in Britain.It was found out that about thirteen per cent of these Muslims inn Britain strongly believed that suicide bombings targeting the western powers and in particular Britain were justified. They are strongly against the presence of British forces in Middle East and the policies propagated by the western powers towards this region are not warranted . Pape observes that military policies against the Arab world are the main triggers of the hate many have against the western countries. . (Pape, R 2005), A Tamil tiger is another example that Pape has used to show that suicide bombers derive their motivation in the quest for freedom.It pure nationalist ideas that have lead these people to believe in their cause and will to go to any point to make sure they force the occupying forces out of the territory which they believe is their own. The Tamil Tiger rebel group has for along time been fighting for their freedom. They requirement an establishment of state which is separate from Srilanka. They have fought this war delligently they may not have the mighty artillery unit which their enemies have at disposal but they believe their biggest asset is the devotion of their fighters to sacrifice their all for their freedom. ( Pape, R 2005),

Types of Services Essay Example for Free

Types of Services EssayThe layout, menu, inventory, nutrition prices and decoration of the restaurant opinionated by the go style. The service style of a restaurant depends on personal preferences, target commercialize and location. Fine dining offers the finest food, services and atmosphere to the customers. Many people choose fine dining for a special occasion, so food should not disappoint, either in the selection or quality. No lease to take on an extensive menu, save it should be interesting, and offer unique dishes that customers dirty dognot find in any opposite restaurant. Good food, drinks and wine should be extremely superior to anything offered at another(prenominal) restaurants and wine should be diametric with the desire dishes and complement to customers menu. Also have prix fixe or limited menu that castrate on weekly or daily basis which eachows people to buy seasonal items. In this kind-hearted of restaurant customer service is much attentive than in casual dining. Fine dining services goes far beyond taking an order and deliver food. Also provide the other services worry crumbling the table between courses, replace linen napkin, explain menu without notes. Fine dining restaurant absorb the people like business man, couples, family, tourist. These specific groups atomic number 18 foc employ beca drill these are the people who frequent other restaurants and bar in the area also they are willing to spend their money on technical dining and service at a value price.CuisineHistoryChina has a school history of 5,000 years and Chinese cuisine has evolved over clock time. Chinese Cuisine enjoys high reputation in the world due to its abundance and exquisite, delicious taste and charming appearance. The Chinese food varies from local ingredient, climate, springer and cultures, so there are widely diverse food styles and taste in local regions. Chinese cuisine is any of several styles of food originating in the regions of Chin a, some of which have become highly democratic in other parts of the world.as early as the 7th century B.C Chinese cuisine began to be separated as southern and northern cuisine. Southern dishes emphasize freshness and tenderness.Northern dishes have more fat and garlic which is offset with vinegar, due to its cold weather. Its readying techniques, preparation, serving and appreciation of food have been developed to the highest level. Cooking has occupied an burning(prenominal) position in Chinese culture throughout its history. Chinese culture take ins cooking as an art and a science. Rich and poor, the Chinese people consider that delicious and nutritious food is a basic necessity. There is an old Chinese saying nourishment is the first necessity of the people. Preparation orderStir fryingThe most frequently used method is stir frying. this method cooks processed ingredients at high heat for short period. Edible crude is used as the heat conductor. Because of short period of time, ingredients keep their nutrition value. Stir frying effect is juicy and testy , vegetables are tender and crispy.Deep fryingThis method uses more edible oil colour than stir fry, producing crisp textured food. In this method, cut the ingredients in small pieces, soak them in flavour for a while, coat with corn starch, then fry in hot deep oil over medium heat.Shallow fryingShallow fried dishes are rather tender inside, appearing aureate or slightly burnt outside. First cut the ingredients in slice or flat pieces and rubbed with seasoning. For crispiness, ingredients surface with cornstarch. Ingredients should be fried one side first and then turn to other.BraisingIn this method cooks ingredients over medium heat in small amount of sauce and simmering for short time of period. Also known as Hong Shao when the sauce is based on soy sauce.BoilingThis is the simplest method among all the methods. It is used for small sized and soft ingredients, mostly for the vegetable soups like egg and tomato and tofu soup. It takes shorter time than braising. Prepared ingredients placed in wok with water and seasonings when the surface of the water is agitated by bubbles. turned on(p)This is the special method invented in china. It is used for steaming dumplings and buns in north china. In this method, place the ingredients in a steamer basket which is placed over water in a steamer pot.RoastingRoasting is to cook the food over the open flame of charcoal or in oven. To roast food, the ingredients must be cleaned, seasoned and basted with edible oil in order to abbreviate the loss of moisture in the ingredients during the roasting process.Regional differences within the countryThere is no sensation Chinese diet merely a wide variety of diets across the country that varies with ethnic and geographic differences. Chinese cuisine is divided into two distinct styles northern and southern. There is a plenty of regional diversity between southern and northern region i n the countrys cuisine also plenty of customs and traditions associated with the preparing and consumption of food. Northern cuisine is characterized by its extensive use of oil but the food itself is not cloyed. Northern people believe that the use of vinegar and garlic make the food delicious and tasty. There are many northern dishes that revolve around pasta.Northern general dishes are ravioli-dumplings, noodles, steamed stuffed buns, steamed bread and fried meat dumplings. The areas of Tientsin and Shantung are the regions that are known for making use of Northern style cooking.in north Beijing jiaozi, Peking duck, Chinese traditional dumpling. Jiaozi is filled with pork and vegetables but it can be varied by the fruits or chestnuts. In history Peking duck is served to important and wealthy during the Qing dynasty. In southern style cooking people are used to use chili con carne papers making the food more peppery and the food in general is known to consume tenderness and fres hness.It doesnt mean that all the food prepared in south is peppery, people can choose food according to their taste. Rice dishes like rice cake, noodles and congee are very popular in southern style cooking. In south, food taste is varies according to cities like people in shanghai like to eat sweet, Wuhan people like to eat peppery taste, some people in other cities like to eat salty food. In south, Guangdong region is famous for its light flavor and cooking technique and another creation of this region is dim sum which is small bite sized newcomer food.

World War II Essay Example for Free

reality fight II EssayThis historical event would perhaps be considered as the event where the position of the United States as a global power laid its foundation. The virtually prominent incident in which the United States became known for during this era was the development of atomic bomb and utilized this to bomb Japans two major cities. In developing these weapons during and after the Second World War, the American economy somehow benefited from ammunition payoff.The entry of the United States in the Second World War was during the time when the country was slowly recovering from the Great Depression. The necessity for weapons opened numerous factories for production. Most of the males were be deployed to serve in the military and for this reason women and African-Americans were given the work to fill the labor gap (Matthaei, 1996, p. 173). The production of weapons provided opportunities for America to prosper scotchally despite the fight and the post-war era led t he country for further economic growth.The Second World War hugely affected the foreign policy of the United States. Before WWII, the U. S. maintain a regional affair working closely with other countries as more of a sluggish nation. However, during the Second World War more specifically after the Pearl Harbor bombing it launch its allies with the likes of Great Britain and France to fight against the Axis of Powers.This alliance would further position the U. S. as a global power most especially during the Cold War era. The U. S. ook a globalist stance in its foreign policy where the expansion of national security and the public broadly supported for American interventionism in pursuing war effort (Rosati, Hagan, and Sampson, 1994, p. 241). The Second World War II became the door for the United States to rise as a global power. The opportunities that opened during the height of the war improved the conditions of the United States which was suffering from the economic setbacks. The events of the WWII can be considered as a fortuitous incident that made the United States what it is today.

Macroeconomics Assignment Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomics Assignment EssayCurrent economic conditions in the U. S an all around the world are rising to alarming situations, with the dilemma being commonality that whether its inflation or recession, which is hampering the prudence badly. The fluidness issues are affecting the U. S economy badly, the money leave is shrinking although the Federal Reserve is pursuing an accommodative monetary policy, but due to its lesser lock and the dynamism of the U. S economy, this policy seems to have a very low effect on the liquidity situation in the overall economy. After a rise in the money supply for hardly a(prenominal) months the money supply has been contracting since then, the M2 component of the money supply, which consists of cash, consumer deposits and checking has been shrinking. While M3 which consists of the above, plus the large clock deposits and former(a) items is also changing its direction towards a lower end. The figure depicts the trends of the money supply a nd how it has dipped gradually. intent 1 annual U. S. Money Supply GrowthSource Shadow Government Statistics, 2009 This condition privy result into the weakening of economic activity and pulling out money from stocks. Recently the downfall in the consumer expense and the lowering of the stock prices is the sign of scorched liquidity in the economy (Kellner, 2003). In this authoritative situation of economic dilemma, the current economic conditions demands active measures from the new president and the U. S congress to crucify the hazards taked by the weakening economy.Government should discountvas to push more liquidity into the market the FED should try to increase the money supply through lowering the interest rate, pushing more money into the economy by funding the companies and the corporations that can create more stability in the economy. The government should try to create more jobs into the economy by pushing their spending this will surely create more consumers spen ding and thus providing a ground to combat recession in the economy. These economic measures are the need of the time and they will certainly have their effects on the economy.Thus, by acting proactively on these strategies the government can easily face all the difficult circumstances. References Kellner, I. (2003, November). Where has all the money gone?Retrieved Feburary 10, 2009, from Market Watch http//www. marketwatch. com/ discussion/Story/Story. aspx? guid=%7BF1B1B20B-EBDE-435F-8349-A19E26DBB945%7Dsiteid=mktwdist=nwhpm Figures Figure 1 Annual U. S. Money Supply Growth Shadow Government Statistics. (2009). Annual U. S. Money Supply Growth. Retrieved Feburary 10, 2009 from http//www. shadowstats. com/charts_republishm3

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay Example for Free

Post traumatic Stress Disorder EssaySoldiers involved in a war ar faced with many difficult situations, which they rouse mostly not avoid. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a common phenomenon among the soldiers since while in the war, they face many life overweight experiences. Many of the Ameri prat soldiers who return from the war are faced with serious mental disorders that not all affects them, but their family members as well. The just aboutones suffering from PTSD can experience cases of nightmares and flashbacking on the events that happened in the war. Frequent flashbacks and nightmares can make it look so realistic that its effect is that the individual may withdraw from the family members and friends. Such an individual may also become less concerned with the daily activities (Moon, n. d). There are other diseases that are associated with the PTSD that can pass severe effect on a soldier. For instance, a stage manager may experience such cases as depr ession, face physical or even mental problems. At roughly instances, the old geezers turn to drug and substance abuse so that they can relieve their problems.It is usually the joy of each family to take a leak their members back after participating in a war. However, after the celebration, and things turn back to normal, it is when the family members can realize a unalike in the way the veteran behaves which might be completely different from the behaviors before deployment. These can be directly linked to the trauma the veteran faced during the war. Apart from having nightmares and flashbacks of what happened during the war, the veteran might feel a lot of anxiety and panic.They might as well have some very distressing thoughts and emotional numbing, which might contribute to abusing drugs. In essence, when a family member changes the usual behavior, it lead either positively or negatively affect the other family members (Moon, n. d). With PTSD, when the symptoms are severe, they might cause the family members to be disrupted in the way they carry out their normal activities. This can mostly be see when the family members in one way or another fight down to how the veteran is behaving.Different family members can react differently on the way their loved one is affected by PTSD. If there is no frank measure that is undertaken to deal with the traumatized veteran, then it is possible that the trauma might be spread to other family members. Family members are the first to provide support, love and caring for the veterans experiencing PTSD. This can help to keep in check some reactions such as drug and substance abuse. Furthermore, it is necessary that the family members monitor the behaviors among themselves to ensure that none is affected by the PTSD that is being experienced by the veteran.However, it might occur that at a time, the symptoms either to the veteran or the other affected family members are apparent, hence calling for treatment (Tull, 200 8). To treat the veteran, the present problems have to be first of all assessed. It is advisable that the family members participate in the treatment exercise, especially if some members have been affected by the symptoms. In creating the treatment, family members, the therapist and the affected veteran should be involved. The aim of the treatment picture is to help the victim and the family members learn to cope with the situation.

Backward Design Essay Example for Free

Backward Design Es feel outDeliberate and contracted instructional rule requires us as teachers and curriculum writers to make an important shift in our thought process slightly the spirit of our job. The shift involves deliberateing a great deal, first, about the particular disciplines sought, and the manifest of such learnings, before thinking about what we, as the teacher, will do or provide in teaching and learning activities. though considerations about what to teach and how to teach it may dominate our thinking as a matter of habit, the altercate is to focus first on the desired learnings from which appropriate teaching will logically follow. Our lessons, units, and telephone circuits should be logically inferred from the results sought, not derived from the methods, obtains, and activities with which we ar most comfortable. Curriculum should lay out the most effective ways of achieving special(prenominal) results. It is analogous to travel planning. Our frame employments should provide a set of itineraries deliberately forgeed to gratify cultural goals earlier than a purposeless tour of all the major sites in a foreign facery. In short, the crush designs derive disinclined from the learnings sought.The appropriateness of this approach becomes clearer when we consider the educational purpose that is the focus of this book intelligence. We groundworknot say how to teach for understanding or which substantial and activities to use until we are quite clear about which ad hoc understandings we are after and what such understandings look like in workout. We can beat out decide, as guides, what sites to arrive at our student tourists visit and what proper(postnominal) culture they should experience in their brief time there still if we are clear about the particular understandings about the culture we want them to take home. Only by having specified the desired results can we focus on the content, methods, and activities most li kely to achieve those results. But some teachers begin with and remain focused on textbooks, favored lessons, and time-honored activitiesthe inputs rather than deriving those means from what is implied in the desired resultsthe output.To put it in an odd way, in any case many teachers focus on the teaching and not the learning. They sp remainder most of their time thinking, first, about what they will do, what materials they will use, and what they will ask students to do rather than first considering what the learner will necessitate in order to accomplish the learning goals. Consider a typical episode of what might be called content-focused design instead of results-focused design. The teacher might base a lesson on a particular topic (e.g., racial prejudice), select a resource (e.g., To Kill a Mockingbird), choose specific instructional methods based on the resource and topic (e.g., Socratic seminar to discuss the book and cooperative groups to analyze stereotypical images in films and on television), and take to thereby to cause learning (and meet a few English/language arts standards).Finally, the teacher might think up a few essay questions and quizzes for assessing student understanding of the book. This approach is so common that we may well be tempted to reply, What could be wrong with such an approach? The short answer lies in the basic questions of purpose wherefore are we asking students to overhear word this particular novelin other words, what learnings will we seek from their having read it? Do the students grasp why and how the purpose should influence their studying? What should students be expected to understand and do upon reading the book, related to our goals beyond the book? Unless we begin our design work with a clear brainstorm into larger purposeswhereby the book is properly thought of as a means to an educational end, not an end unto itselfit is unlikely that all students will understand the book (and their performance obligat ions).Without being self-conscious of the specific understandings about prejudice we seek, and how reading and discussing the book will help develop such insights, the goal is far too vague The approach is to a greater extent by hope than by design. Such an approach ends up inadvertently being one that could be described like this Throw some content and activities a superchargest the wall and hope some of it sticks. Answering the why? and so what? questions that older students always ask (or want to), and doing so in concrete terms as the focus of curriculum planning, is thus the essence of understanding by design. What is exhausting for many teachers to see ( and easier for students to feel) is that, without such explicit and transparent priorities, many students find day-to-day work confusing and frustrating.The twin sins of traditional designMore generally, weak educational design involves two kinds of purposelessness, manifest throughout the educational world from kindergarte n through graduate discipline. We call these the twin sins of traditional design. The error of activity-oriented design might be called hands-on without being minds-onengaging experiences that lead only accidentally, if at all, to insight or achievement. The activities, though fun and interesting, do not lead anywhere intellectually. Such activity-oriented curricula lack an explicit focus on important ideas and appropriate evidence of learning, especially in the minds of the learners. A second form of aimlessness goes by the name of coverage, an approach in which students march through a textbook, paginate by page (or teachers through lecture notes) in a valiant attempt to traverse all the factual material within a prescribed time.Coverage is thus like a whirlwind tour of Europe, perfectly summarized by the old movie title If Its Tuesday, This Must Be Belgium, which properly suggests that no overarching goals inform the tour. As a broad generalization, the activity focus is more t ypical at the elementary and lower middle school levels, whereas coverage is a prevalent secondary school and college problem. No guiding intellectual purpose or clear priorities frame the learning experience. In neither case can students see and answer such questions as these Whats the point? Whats the big idea here? What does this help us understand or be able to do? To what does this relate? Why should we learn this? Hence, the students try to engage and follow as scoop they can, hoping that meaning will emerge.The three formats of backward design dress 1 Identify desired resultsWhat should students know, understand, and be able to do? What content is worthy of understanding? What enduring understandings are desired? In point 1 we consider our goals, examine established content standards (national, state, district), and review curriculum expectations. Because typically we have more content than we can reasonably address within the available time, we must make choices. This fir st stage in the design process calls for clarity about priorities.Stage 2 Determine acceptable evidenceHow will we know if students have achieved the desired results? What will we accept as evidence of student understanding and proficiency? The backward design orientation suggests that we think about a unit or course in terms of the collected assessment evidence needed to document and validate that the desired learning has been achieved, not simply as content to be covered or as a series of learning activities. This approach encourages teachers and curriculum planners to first think like an assessor before designing specific units and lessons, and thus to consider up front how they will determine if students have attained the desired understandings.Stage 3 Plan learning experiences and instructionWith clearly identified results and appropriate evidence of understanding in mind, it is now the time to fully think through the most appropriate instructional activities. Several disting uish questions must be considered at this stage of backward design What enabling fellowship (facts, concepts, principles) and skills (processes, procedures, strategies) will students need in order to perform effectively and achieve desired results? What activities will equip students with the needed knowledge and skills? What will need to be taught and coached, and how should it best be taught, in light of performance goals? What materials and resources are best suited to accomplish these goals? Note that the specifics of instructional planningchoices about teaching methods, sequence of lessons, and resource materialscan be successfully completed only after we identify desired results and assessments and consider what they imply. Teaching is a means to an end. Having a clear goal helps to focus our planning and guide earnest action toward the mean results. ConclusionBackward design may be thought of, in other words, as purposeful task analysis Given a worthy task to be accomplish ed, how do we best get everyone equipped? Or we might think of it as building a wise itinerary, using a map Given a destination, whats the most effective and efficient route? Or we might think of it as planning for coaching What must learners master if they are to effectively perform? What will count as evidence on the field, not merely in drills, that they really get it and are prompt to perform with understanding, knowledge, and skill on their own? How will the learning be designed so that learners capacities are developed through use and feedback? This is all quite logical when you come to understand it, but backward from the perspective of much habit and tradition in our field.A major change from common practice occurs as designers must begin to think about assessment before deciding what and how they will teach. sort of than creating assessments near the conclusion of a unit of study (or relying on the tests provided by textbook publishers, which may not completely or appropr iately assess our standards and goals), backward design calls for us to make our goals or standards specific and concrete, in terms of assessment evidence, as we begin to plan a unit or course. The good-for-naught meets the road with assessment. Three different teachers may all be working toward the same content standards, but if their assessments vary considerably, how are we to know which students have achieved what? Agreement on needed evidence of learning leads to greater curricular coherence and more reliable evaluation by teachers. Equally important is the long-term gain in teacher, student, and parent insight about what does and does not count as evidence of meeting labyrinthine standards.

Civil Rights Movement Essay Example for Free

Civil Rights Movement EssayGandhi was an Indian civil rights drawing card. Throughout life he was misunders besidesd, defied in death and was taken to the point of error. Gandhi took down the British Empire, he improved the governments of the one-third nations, and he imbued the spirits of a global network of neo-Gandhians, like Dr. Martin Luther big businessman Jr. If any peerless could be described as the most adequate civil rights movement leader of the twentieth century, it would be Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 and died January 30, 1948. Mohandas Gandhi was the last child of his father and his fathers fourth wife. In his youth old age Gandhi was shy, he always spoke in a soft or gruntle voice, and wasnt a neither good nor bad student in school. Although he was an obedient child, one time Gandhi tried eating meat, smoking, and stole a little, which he later regretted.When Gandhi was 13, he married a girl named Kasturba in an arranged marr iage. Kasturba and Gandhi had four sons and she supported Gandhis endeavors until her death in 1944. When Gandhi was 23 years octogenarian he set-off for South Africa once again, he arrived in British governed natural in May 1893. though Gandhi was hoping to earn a little bit of money and gain more knowledge close law, it was in South Africa that Gandhi changed from being a very quiet and shy man to a dedicated leader against discrimination. The beginning of this change happened while he was on a business trip that was taken a little while after he arrived in South Africa. Gandhi was in South Africa for about a week when he was asked to take the long trip from Natal to Transvaal, the province of South Africa for his case.It was supposed to be a several daytime trip, including transportation by hold and by stagecoach. When Gandhi went on the first train of his journey at the Pietermartizburg invest, railroad officials told Gandhi that he needed to move to the third-class passen ger car. When Gandhi refused to move because he was guardianship first-class passenger tickets, a policeman came and threw him off the train. That wasnt the end of the unfair treatment that Gandhi suffered on this trip. Gandhi wen and talked to the opposite Indians in South Africa. He found out that his experiences with the policemen were not rare mistakes, unless instead these types of problems were common. During that first night of his trip, he sat in the cold outside of the railroad station after being thrown off the train, Gandhi debated whether he should go back mob to India or iron out the discrimination for tout ensemble people.After thinking it through, Gandhi decided that he could not let the discrimination come about and that he was going to fight so that he could change the discrimination in South Africa forever. Gandhi fatigued the next twenty years working on improving Indians rights in South Africa. During the first three years, Gandhi learned more about India n complaints that were made, studied the law, wrote letters to officials, and organized petitions. On May 22, 1894, Gandhi created the Natal Indian Congress (NIC). The NIC started as an organization for rich Indians, Gandhi worked hard and long to expand its membership to all classes and people who were in a high position. Gandhi became known for his activism. His acts were covered by newspapers in England and India. In a few short years, Gandhi had become a leader of the Indian community in South Africa. In 1896, after living three years in South Africa, Gandhi took a trip to India with the intention of take his wife and two sons back with him.In India, there was a deadly plague outbreak. Since back and so they believed that poor health and hygiene were the cause of the plagues, Gandhi offered to help search for toilets, especially ones on a array base and offer suggestions for better supplies. Others were willing to search the toilets of the wealthy Gandhi personally searched t he toilets of the untouchables as well as the rich. He found that it was the wealthy that had the worst hygiene and health problems. After spending twenty years in South Africa helping fight discrimination, Gandhi finally decided it was time to head back home to India on July 1914. When World War I broke out during his journey, Gandhi decided to stay and help by forming another ambulance corps of Indians to help the British. As World War I reached its finale, it was time for Gandhi to focus on the fight for Indian politics. In 1919, the British gave Gandhi something worth fighting for the Rowlett Act.This Act gave the British in India or so no restrictions to root out revolutionary elements and to restrain them for sure without trial. In addition to this Act, Gandhi organized a huge protest, which began on March 30, 1919. Even though Gandhi called off the protest, once he heard about the violence, over 300 Indians had died and over 1,100 were injured from British war in the city o f Amritsar. The violence that make from the protest showed Gandhi that the people didnt fully believe in the power of Satyagraha. On March 1922, Gandhi was immure for rebellion and was sentenced to six years in prison. After two years, Gandhi was released due to illness and needed surgical process to treat his appendicitis. Upon his release, Gandhi found his country mixed up in violent attacks between Muslims and Hindus. As self-punishment for the violence, Gandhi began a 21-day fast, known as the Great Fast of 1924. Still ill from his recent surgery, many people thought he would die on day twelve, but he pulled through.The fast created a temporary two-eyed violet treaty. Also during this decade, Gandhi began giving support as a way to gain freedom from the British. Unfortunately, not everyone was too happy with this peace plan. There were a few basic Hindu groups who believed that India should never have been divided. They diabolic Gandhi for the separation. On January 30, 19 48, the 78year old Gandhi spent his last day like all the other days. The majority of the day was spent debating problems with numerous groups and individuals.A few minutes past 5 p.m., when it was time for the prayer meeting, Gandhi started the passport to Birla House. A crowd had surrounded him while he walked he was helped by two of his grandnieces. In expect of him, a young Hindu boy named Nathuram Godse stopped before to greet him by bowing. Gandhi bowed back. then Godse rushed forward with a gun and shot Gandhi three times with a black, semi-automatic pistol. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, this time, Gandhi fell to the ground, dead.

Integration theory Essay Example for Free

Integration possible action EssayIn introducing the revisionist phase of integration theory, Haas (1971 2630) explicitly withdrew his preceding exclusion of public opinion. This is particularly evident in his refreshed master concept of authority authenticity transfer or sharing a formulation I would myself prefer to the stress put on elite loyalties in my own earlier formulations. Indicators of this concept are observable in activity in specific functional and organizational sectors and. . . in elite and mass perceptions (emphasis added).The acceptance of public opinion in the policy-making arena is very transparent in the linkage of variables that quantify the percentage of interaction inwardly the context of the masses and the elites political perception. Haas advocates focusing on the nonion of social learning as a major link, speculating on the various elements that might be involved for example, increased contact and familiarity, growing complexness in the pattern of inter-group loyalties and social roles, education and informal socialization practices and progressively rewarding experiences derived from the activities of common markets.On the other hand, Schmitter (1971 233) is quite explicit about his revisionist intentions, offering a rewrite formalization of the neo-functionalist or structuralist theory of the political consequences of regional integration with pretensions to general comparative relevance. the significant factor in this theory lies on the connection of the differing variables and hypothesis in accordance to the attitudes and perceptions of the populace, which represents numerous political groups and parties. It all depends, therefore, on whether one takes a broad or intend definition of these groups.Schmitter does not explicitly address this question but a broad definition is clearly implied by his operationalization of the variables in question. Thus the variable elite value complementarity is operationalized by part t o table type survey data on the nature and intensity of commitment to resembling goals within and across integrating units. That the operationalization includes public opinion data is clear from the accompanying footnote which includes reference to Ingleharts work on public opinion and European integration.Similarly, regional identity is operationalized by reference to panel survey research on selected samples exposed to intensive regional socialization deductence from single surveys on the residual importance of regional contacts/level of information when controlled for other variables, and Ingleharts work is again cited (Schmitter 1971 252). Thus, we can infer that neo-functionalisms principles are geared towards the affirmation on the importance of public opinion.In the development of Nyes revised neo-functionalist model, public opinion enters the scheme at two points. First, attitudinal integrationdescribed as definitive arousefigures in an expanded list of process mechanism s. In addition to determining whether or not a regional identity exists, Nye argues that it is necessary to assess the degree of salience and urgency attached to it and whether or not it is accompanied by a myth of permanence and inevitability (1971 73).The other side of this variable is the perseverance of competing guinea pig identities. Secondly, public opinion enters as a variable in the domestic arena influencing the actions of national political leaders. Actors in the original neo-functionalist modelmainly the integrationist technocrats and interest group representativesneed to be supplemented by electoral or support politicians whose primary function is to legitimize the actions involved in regional integration.This implies a very clear role for public opinion in the process of integration, which is reinforced by the inclusion of the category of mass opinion, or more accurately of opinion leaders, who create broad or narrow limits for the legitimacy of integrationist progra ms (1971 63). Media is one of the major catalysts in the proliferation and in the validation of public opinion. Because through this, a political group can draw out what platforms they should espouse so that the electorate will vote for them.In toll of the electorate, public opinion will serve as their contribution in landscaping a new political condition, as well as the status quo of the preexisting politics. Since public opinion formulates how politics should hold out there is a great emergency to ensure that such opinions are clearly express in order for it to be addressed and to be recognized. And the most effective means to satisfy such necessity is to use the media. The obvious question which then arises is why the new emphasis did not make an flying impact on the research agenda.The problem was that, almost as soon as this broadening occurred and in the lead it could really take hold, the theory itself seemed to be bypassed by events and treated by its authors, either ex plicitly or implicitly, as obsolescent. As noted earlier, it was rescued from oblivion by the resurgence of European integration in the mid-1980s.ReferencesHaas, E. B. (1971). The Study of Regional Integration Reflections on the Joy and Anguish of Pre-theorizing. In Regional Integration hypothesis and Research Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press. Key, V. O. (1961). Public Opinion and American Democracy New York Knopf.

Landslide and Debris Flow Essay Example for Free

Landslide and Debris hunt EssayA. A landslip is when a mass of soil, rocks and other debris melt downs down a slope, provide by the force of gravity. Sometimes, this get goingment is so sudden and rapid that it causes devastating loss of life and morphologic damage. (http//www.health24.com/ medical checkup/Condition_centres/777-792-1461-2097,34702.asp) B. A landslide or landslip is a geologic phenomenon which includes a wide drop of ground movement, such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris stops, which can clear in offshore, coastal and onshore environments. Although the action of gravity is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, there atomic number 18 other contributing factors affecting the original slope stability. Typically, pre-conditional factors build up particular sub-surface conditions that make the argona/slope prone to failure, whereas the actual landslide often requires a trigger beforehand being released. (http//www.amer icansnetworkingtosurvive.org/Landslide.html)C. Landslides occur in all U.S. states and territories. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope. Landslides whitethorn be small or grown, slow or rapid. They are frantic by storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, and human modification of land. Landslide problems can be caused by land mismanagement, in particular in mountain, canyon, and coastal regions. Land-use zoning, professional inspections, and proper design can minimize many landslide, clay lean, and debris point problems. (http//www.wilderness-survival.net/natural- fortunes/landslides- mudslides/) D. Landslides are a serious geologic hazard that occurs in almost all 50 states. all year in the United States, they cause significant damages and 25 to 50 deaths. Globally, landslides cause billions of dollars in damages and thousands of deaths and injuries each year.The term landslide describes many types of downhill earth movements ranging fro m rapidly moving harmful rock avalanches and debris flows in mountainous regions to more slowly moving earth slides. Some landslides move slowly and cause damage gradually, whereas others move so rapidly that they can destroy property and bow kick the buckets suddenly and unexpectedly. Gravity is generally the force driving landslide movement. Landslides cause property damage, injury, and death and adversely affect a variety of resources. For example, water supplies, fisheries, sewage disposal systems, forests, dams, and passageways can be affected for geezerhood after a slide event.Landslides generally happen where they obligate occurred in the past, and in identifiable hazard locations. Areas that are prone to landslides include existing old landslides, the bases of steep slopes, the bases of drainage channels, and developed hillsides where leach-field septic systems are used. (http//www.survivalkitsonline.com/landslidepreparedness.html) E. Landslides occur when masses of ro ck, earth, or debris move down a slope. (http//emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/landslides.asp)Risks or Dangers from landslidesA. The immediate risk to human life from a landslide or mudslide is being caught in its path sand, and thick mud peculiarly, can cause suffocation, and people can be trapped or crushed by boulders or other debris, or by buildings collapsing under the weight of the flow. (http//www.health24.com/medical/Condition_centres/777-792-1461-2097,34702.asp) B. Landslides can also disrupt world-beater lines and water and sewerage pipes, electromotive forcely leading to electric shock and contaminated drinking-water. Roads and other dit arteries may be blocked by debris, raising the risk for accidents and hampering access by rescue and medical services. (http//www.health24.com/medical/Condition_centres/777-792-1461-2097,34702.asp) C. Landslides, mudflows and debris avalanches frequently accompany other natural hazards such as alluvial sediments and earthquakes. The Octob er 17, 1989 earthquake resulted in many areas of uns plank land through come forth the County which will be further impacted by wintertime storm conditions. (http//sccounty01.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/oes/landslide%20and%20mudflow.htm)D. Areas are at Risk1. Areas where wildfires or human modification of the land squander destroyed vegetation 2. Areas where landslides have occurred before 3. Steep slopes and areas at the bottom of slopes or canyons 4. Slopes that have been neutered for construction of buildings and roads 5. Channels along a stream or river and 6. Areas where surface runoff is transported. (http//www.americansnetworkingtosurvive.org/Landslide.html) Tips onSurviving landslidesA. How to empty them1. Be in tune with your environs. If youre travelling to a new area, organize up on it and find out about the potential risks (landslides or otherwise). Check out the topography are there dodgy-looking slopes (steep or eroded) in the area? And especially what is the weather do ing? Intense rainstorms can be dangerous, especially if theres been a preceding period of wet weather. 2. If you decide not to leave the area, and then at least cheque awake if you think theres a chance of a landslide many such disasters have occurred objet dart their victims were asleep. Keep a portable, battery-powered radio with you to stay in touch with any safety announcements.Move up to a second story if possible, which efficiency help to keep you above the level of the debris. 3. Listen for unusual sounds that might indicate moving debris, such as tree branches breaking, boulders knocking, or a faint rumbling that increases in volume. 4. A trickle of mud or soil may precede the main landslide. If you are near a stream or channel, watch out of a sudden increase or decrease in water flow, or a change from clear to muddy water this could mean landslide activity upstream. If youre driving, remember that road embankments are prone to landslides. Also watch out for fallen rock s and mud. 5. Any of the above signs mean you may have only a few minutes (or even seconds) to get out of the path of the landslide. 6. Also, beware if the following occur for the first timea. Cracks in walls or the ground.b. Doors or windows stick.c. Outside walls or steps lean away from the main building.d. Underground utility lines break.e. The ground bulges at the base of a slope.f. irrigate breaks through the ground surface.g. Fences, walls, utility poles or trees tilt. (http//www.health24.com/medical/Condition_centres/777-792-1461-2097,34702.asp)B. Preparedness1. Reinforce the foundation and walls of your home. Identify dangerous areas of your home and add temporary shoring, bracing or shear wall supports where necessary. 2. Install flexible rather than stiff pipe fitting to avoid gas or water leaks in the event of a landslide or mudflow. 3. Mudflow is contended by flood insurance policies from the National Flood Insurance program (NFIP). You can buy flood insurance even if you do not live in the flood plain. Keep your insurance coverage up to date. 4. Stockpile emergency building supplies such as ropes, buckets, large plastic bags, plywood, sandbags, plastic sheeting and lumber.5. Maintain emergency supplies such as water, foods that require little cooking, a first aid kit, portable radio and flashlights. 6. In high risk areas, construct channels to direct the mudflows or so your home or buildings. 7. If you are inside during a landslide and the building is not in peril of sliding down a hill, stay inside and get under a desk, table or other sturdy furniture. 8. If you are outside and cannot get into a sturdy building while rocks and debris tumble toward you, curl into a tight ball and protect your head.9. Usually, you can survive a mudflow or debris avalanche only by avoiding it. If you are in a valley, get out as soon as possible once you hear rumbling from upstream or intent the ground tremble. These are signs that a mudflow may be coming you r way. 10. If caught in a mudflow, try grabbing onto a large rock, tree or anything being carried along. (http//sccounty01.co.santa-cruz.ca.us/oes/landslide%20and%20mudflow.htm) What you should do?A. Before the landslide1. Contact your local anesthetic fire, police, or public works department. Local officials are the people best able to assess the potential danger. 2. Inform affected neighbors. Your neighbors may not be aware of the potential hazard. Advising them of a threat may help save lives. Help neighbors who may need assistance to evacuate. 3. Leave. Getting out of the path of a landslide or debris flow is your best protection. Take your pets with you when you leave, provided you can do so without endangering yourself. (http//www.survivalkitsonline.com/landslidepreparedness.html) 4. gestate that steep slopes and areas burned by wildfires are vulnerable to landslides and debris flows.5. Learn whether landslides or debris flows have occurred previously in your area by contact ing local authorities, a county geologist or the county planning department, state geological surveys or departments of natural resources, or university departments of geology. 6. Contact local authorities about emergency and evacuation plans. 7. win emergency and evacuation plans for your family and business. 8. Develop an emergency communication plan in case family members are separated. 9. If you live in an area vulnerable to landslides, consider leaving it. (http//emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/landslides.asp) 10. Contact your local emergency management seat or American Red Cross chapter for information on local landslide and debris flow hazards. 11. Get a ground assessment of your property.12. County or state geological experts, local planning department or departments of natural resources may have specific information on areas vulnerable to landslides. Consult an provide professional expert for advice on corrective measures you can take. 13. Minimize home hazards.14. Plant gro und cover on slopes and build retaining walls. 15. In mudflow areas, build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings. 16. Remember If you build walls to divert debris flows and the flow lands on a neighbors property, you may be liable(predicate) for damages. Explore a neighborhood or special district project. 17. Install flexible pipe fittings to avoid gas or water leaks. Flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage. 18. Familiarize yourself with your surrounding area.19. polished changes in your local landscape could alert you to the potential of greater future threat. 20. Observe the patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes and especially the places where runoff water converge 21. Watch for any sign of land movement, such as small slides, flows, or progressively leaning trees, on the hillsides near your home. 22. Be particularly observant of your surrounding area before and during intense storms that could heighten the possibility of landslide or deb ris flow from rotund rains. Many debris flow fatalities occur when people are sleeping. 23. Talk to your insurance agent. Debris flow may be covered by flood insurance policies from the National Flood Insurance schedule (NFIP). 24. Learn to recognize landslide warning signs.